Best Crypto Cards in Russia (2026)

Russia's crypto regulatory framework is a study in contradictions. The country simultaneously legalized crypto mining, banned crypto as a payment method, developed a Central Bank Digital Currency, and hosts one of the world's most active P2P crypto trading ecosystems.

The Digital Financial Assets Law (Federal Law No. 259-FZ, January 2021)

The foundation of Russia's crypto framework is the Federal Law "On Digital Financial Assets" (O tsifrovykh finansovykh aktivakh, Federalnyy zakon No. 259-FZ), which came into force on January 1, 2021. The law classifies cryptocurrency as property (imushchestvo) but explicitly prohibits its use as a means of payment for goods and services within Russia. Russian residents can legally own, buy, sell, and mine cryptocurrency. They cannot use it to pay for groceries, rent, or anything else. This distinction is critical: crypto card spending is a payment, and payments in crypto are illegal under 259-FZ. Even if Visa/Mastercard rails were available, the act of converting crypto to rubles to pay a Russian merchant through a card could be interpreted as using cryptocurrency as a payment method.

Mining Legalization (Federal Law No. 221-FZ, November 2024)

Russia formally legalized cryptocurrency mining through Federal Law No. 221-FZ, signed by President Putin on November 29, 2024 and effective from the same date. The law establishes a licensing framework administered by the Ministry of Finance (Ministerstvo Finansov, Minfin) and the Ministry of Digital Development (Ministerstvo Tsifrovogo Razvitiya, Mintsifry). Only registered legal entities and individual entrepreneurs (IP, Individualnyy Predprinimatel) can mine legally. Individuals can mine without registration but only below a government-set energy consumption threshold (currently 6,000 kWh per month). Russia is the second-largest Bitcoin mining country globally after the United States, with an estimated 16-18% of global hashrate.

The Central Bank of Russia (CBR, Bank Rossii)

The CBR (Tsentralnyy Bank Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Bank Rossii) has been consistently hostile to cryptocurrency as a payment and investment tool. In January 2022, the CBR published a report proposing a complete ban on crypto trading, mining, and payments. The Duma (parliament) rejected the full ban but sided with the CBR on the payment prohibition. The CBR's stated concerns are financial stability, money laundering, and the ruble's sovereignty. In practice, the CBR has pressured banks to flag and block transactions to known crypto exchanges. Sberbank, VTB, Tinkoff (now T-Bank), and Alfa-Bank all have internal policies restricting transfers to crypto platforms, though enforcement varies and P2P workarounds are widely used.

Sanctions Impact on Card Infrastructure

Visa and Mastercard suspended all operations in Russia effective March 10, 2022, following the US, EU, and UK sanctions packages imposed after the invasion of Ukraine. This suspension means:

• Domestic: Russian-issued Visa and Mastercard cards stopped working at Russian merchant terminals. The National Payment Card System (NSPK, Natsionalnaya Sistema Platezhnykh Kart) and its MIR network (Mir) absorbed domestic card payments. MIR cards work inside Russia, at some merchants in Turkey, Vietnam, and a handful of other countries, but are not accepted globally and no crypto card issuer uses MIR.
• International: Russian-issued cards stopped working abroad. Foreign-issued cards stopped working inside Russia. This is why crypto cards from global issuers will not process transactions at Russian merchant terminals regardless of the user's nationality.
• SWIFT restrictions: Major Russian banks were disconnected from SWIFT, complicating international transfers and making it harder for Russian nationals to fund offshore crypto accounts through traditional banking channels.

Several Russian banks have issued UnionPay cards as an alternative, but UnionPay's international acceptance is limited outside of China and Southeast Asia, and no crypto card issuer partners with UnionPay.

Digital Ruble (Tsifrovoy Rubl)

The CBR launched a pilot for the Digital Ruble (Tsifrovoy Rubl, CBDC) in August 2023 with 13 participating banks including Sberbank, VTB, Alfa-Bank, Tinkoff, Gazprombank, and Rosbank. The pilot expanded to approximately 9,000 participants by mid-2025. The Digital Ruble is a CBR-issued CBDC that operates on a CBR-controlled platform, not a public blockchain. It is designed to complement, not replace, cash and bank deposits. The CBR has stated that the Digital Ruble will enable programmable payments, government-to-person transfers, and cross-border settlement (potentially with China's e-CNY). The Digital Ruble is not cryptocurrency and does not interact with the crypto card ecosystem.

For Russian nationals abroad, the practical regulatory takeaway is this: owning and trading cryptocurrency is legal under Russian law. Using it as a payment method inside Russia is not. Mining is legal if registered. Tax obligations apply regardless of where transactions occur. The Visa/Mastercard suspension eliminates all practical crypto card usage within Russian territory.

Cryptocurrency is taxed in Russia under the personal income tax (NDFL, Nalog na Dokhody Fizicheskikh Lits) framework. The Federal Tax Service (FNS, Federalnaya Nalogovaya Sluzhba) treats cryptocurrency as property. Disposing of crypto - selling for rubles, exchanging for another cryptocurrency, or spending through a card - triggers a taxable event.

Tax Rates

• 13% NDFL on annual income up to 5 million rubles (approximately $55,000 at current rates)
• 15% NDFL on the portion of annual income exceeding 5 million rubles

These rates apply to the net gain (sale price minus acquisition cost minus documented expenses). Crypto income is aggregated with all other personal income for the threshold calculation. If your salary is 4 million rubles and crypto gains are 2 million rubles, the first 1 million of crypto gains is taxed at 13% and the remaining 1 million at 15%.

Worked Example

You acquired 1 BTC at 5,000,000 RUB. You spend 500,000 RUB via a crypto card abroad (equivalent to 0.1 BTC at the time of spending, when 1 BTC = 5,000,000 RUB). Your cost basis for that 0.1 BTC is 500,000 RUB (10% of your acquisition cost). If the market price at spending time values that 0.1 BTC at 700,000 RUB, you realize a gain of 200,000 RUB and owe 13% NDFL = 26,000 RUB in tax.

If instead you fund a crypto card with USDT purchased at 92 RUB per USDT and spend when USDT is at 93 RUB, your gain on a 500,000 RUB spend is approximately 5,400 RUB (the 1 RUB appreciation per USDT across approximately 5,400 USDT). Tax owed: approximately 700 RUB. The stablecoin route reduces the taxable gain by over 97%.

Mining Income

Under the 2024 mining law (221-FZ), mined cryptocurrency is taxable at the fair market value on the date of receipt. If you mine 0.01 BTC and its value at receipt is 50,000 RUB, that 50,000 RUB is income subject to NDFL. When you later spend or sell that mined crypto, you owe additional NDFL on any appreciation above the receipt value.

Reporting and Filing

Tax declarations (forma 3-NDFL) are filed annually by April 30 for the preceding calendar year. Tax payment deadline is July 15. The FNS has not yet implemented automated crypto transaction reporting from exchanges (unlike the EU's DAC8), but voluntary declaration is legally required. Russian tax treaties (SODN, Soglasheniya ob Izbezhanii Dvoynogo Nalogooblozheniya) with many countries have been suspended or modified since 2022, creating potential double-taxation risks for Russian nationals with tax obligations in multiple jurisdictions. Russians who relocated to countries like UAE (zero income tax), Georgia (1% for individuals under the small business regime), or Armenia should evaluate where their tax residence actually lies, as Russia claims taxation rights over citizens for the first year after losing Russian tax residency.

The optimal strategy for Russian nationals spending crypto abroad is to fund cards with stablecoins (USDC or USDT), minimizing the taxable gain per transaction. Track every transaction for 3-NDFL filing. If you hold dual tax residency, evaluate which jurisdiction's tax treaty (if any) still applies.

For Russian nationals applying to globally available crypto card issuers from abroad, the KYC process depends entirely on your current country of residence, not your citizenship.

Russian internal passport (vnutrenniy pasport): Not accepted by any international crypto card issuer. This document is for domestic Russian use only and has no international validity.

Russian international passport (zagranichnyy pasport, zagranpassport): Accepted as proof of identity by most issuers including KAST, RedotPay, Crypto.com, and MetaMask. However, issuers also require proof of address, and a Russian address will trigger rejection or enhanced due diligence at most platforms due to sanctions compliance screening.

Required for successful verification:

• Zagranpassport (international passport) as identity document
• Proof of address in your current country of residence (utility bill, bank statement, or lease agreement dated within the last 3 months)
• Local residency permit or visa in the country where you reside (UAE residence visa, Georgian temporary residence permit, Turkish ikamet, Armenian residence card, etc.)

Verification timeline: 1-3 business days for most issuers. KAST offers the fastest verification (under 2 minutes for basic tier). RedotPay virtual card issuance is near-instant after KYC approval.

Physical card shipping: Only to your registered address in your country of residence. No issuer ships physical cards to Russian addresses. Virtual cards (RedotPay Virtual, MetaMask Virtual, KAST Standard) are available immediately after verification and do not require physical delivery.

INN (Individualnyy Nomer Nalogoplatelshchika): Your Russian taxpayer identification number is not required by any international crypto card issuer but may be needed for Russian tax filing purposes if you maintain Russian tax residency.

Sanctions screening: All Visa and Mastercard-issuing platforms run sanctions screening against OFAC (US), EU, and UK sanctions lists. Being a Russian national does not automatically trigger rejection, but being a Russian Politically Exposed Person (PEP), having addresses in Crimea, Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia, or Kherson, or having financial connections to sanctioned entities will result in automatic rejection. Standard Russian citizens with clean backgrounds and non-Russian residency addresses typically pass compliance screening.

The Core Reality: Crypto Cards Are a Diaspora Tool

For the estimated 500,000-1,000,000 Russians who relocated after February 2022, crypto cards solve a genuine financial infrastructure gap. Many relocated with cryptocurrency as their most portable asset. Traditional banking in destination countries often requires months of residency before full account access. A crypto card funded with USDT or USDC provides immediate Visa/Mastercard spending power while banking infrastructure catches up.

Destination-Specific Strategies

UAE (Dubai, Abu Dhabi): Zero personal income tax means crypto card cashback is pure profit. A Russian national with UAE residency spending 200,000 RUB equivalent ($2,200) per month via CoCa at 8% cashback earns $176/month ($2,112/year) with zero tax liability in the UAE. If Russian tax residency has lapsed (183+ days outside Russia), the Russian NDFL obligation also drops. CoCa is the optimal pick here: 8% cashback + 6% APY on USDC deposits, 0-1% FX (0% on USDC to USD, 1% on indirect pairs), zero annual fee. See our UAE guide for full details.

Turkey (Istanbul, Antalya): Turkey has no specific capital gains tax on cryptocurrency as of 2025. The TCMB (Turkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankasi) banned crypto as a payment method in April 2021 but did not ban ownership, trading, or conversion to fiat. This means a Russian national with Turkish ikamet spending via a crypto card funded with USDT faces zero Turkish crypto capital gains tax on the card spend itself. Turkey is also uniquely valuable as a banking intermediary for Russians: Turkish banks (Ziraat, Halkbank, IS Bank) still accept Russian passport holders, and some Russian-to-Turkish bank transfer corridors remain operational. The practical flow is: ruble income in Russia → transfer to Turkish bank (or P2P USDT) → load crypto card → spend in lira at Turkish merchants. Istanbul has near-universal Visa/Mastercard acceptance at restaurants, supermarkets (Migros, BIM, A101), transportation, and online platforms. KAST with zero FX and minimal KYC is optimal for daily Turkish spending. For higher spend, CoCa at 8% cashback generates approximately $132/month on a $1,650 monthly budget.

Monthly costs in Istanbul (Kadikoy/Besiktas neighborhoods, mid-range): rent 25,000-40,000 TRY ($750-$1,200), utilities 2,000-3,000 TRY, groceries 8,000-12,000 TRY, transportation 2,000 TRY (Istanbulkart + occasional taxi). Total: approximately $1,400-$2,000/month. Antalya is 20-30% cheaper. See our Turkey guide for full tax and card details.

Georgia (Tbilisi, Batumi): Georgia has become the single most important destination for Russian crypto card users, and for good reason. The combination of factors is difficult to match anywhere else: 1% tax under the small business regime (maltsodne biznesi) for individuals earning under 500,000 GEL (approximately $185,000), visa-free entry for Russian nationals (1 year stay, renewable), fast temporary residency permits, low cost of living, near-universal Visa/Mastercard acceptance, and a tech-friendly culture that emerged from the influx of Russian and Ukrainian IT workers since 2022.

Tbilisi's Russian-speaking population surged after February 2022, creating an entire ecosystem of coworking spaces, crypto meetups, and P2P trading groups that facilitate the ruble-to-crypto-to-card pipeline. Bank of Georgia and TBC Bank, the two dominant banks, both offer accounts to Russian nationals with Georgian residency permits. Once you have a Georgian bank account, funding a Crypto.com or ether.fi card through a Georgian bank transfer is straightforward.

Monthly costs in Tbilisi (Saburtalo/Vake neighborhoods): rent 1,500-3,000 GEL ($550-$1,100), utilities 200-400 GEL, groceries 600-1,000 GEL, transportation 100-200 GEL (metro + Bolt). Total: approximately $900-$1,700/month. A Russian relocant spending $1,200/month via RedotPay at 3% promotional cashback earns $36/month ($432/year) with approximately $4.30 in Georgian tax (1% on the cashback). Batumi on the Black Sea coast is cheaper still and popular for remote workers.

The 1% small business tax deserves emphasis: it applies to gross revenue (not just crypto gains), meaning the effective tax on crypto card cashback is 1% of the cashback received. On $432 annual cashback, the tax is $4.32. Compare this to 13-15% NDFL in Russia on the same amount. See our Georgia guide for the full breakdown.

Armenia (Yerevan): Armenia taxes personal income at a flat 20% but crypto-specific guidance remains limited. The Central Bank of Armenia (CBA) has not issued specific crypto card regulations and there is no dedicated crypto tax regime. This ambiguity works in users' favor for now but could change. Armenian residency is straightforward for Russian nationals: visa-free entry, temporary residency permit obtainable within 2-3 weeks, and a well-established Russian-speaking community in Yerevan. Card acceptance in Yerevan is strong at SAS Supermarket, Carrefour, Yerevan Mall, and most restaurants in the city center. Smaller shops and regional towns may be cash-preferred. Monthly costs in Yerevan (Center/Arabkir neighborhoods): rent 200,000-400,000 AMD ($500-$1,000), utilities 30,000-60,000 AMD, groceries 80,000-120,000 AMD, transportation 15,000-30,000 AMD. Total: approximately $700-$1,400/month. Armenia's main drawback compared to Georgia is the higher tax rate (20% vs 1%) and less developed crypto infrastructure.

Kazakhstan (Almaty, Astana): Kazakhstan is unique among Russian diaspora destinations because it established a dedicated crypto regulatory framework through the Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC). The AIFC operates under English common law (separate from Kazakh civil law) and licenses crypto exchanges and service providers. Binance held an AIFC license before its Russia exit. Russian nationals relocate to Kazakhstan in large numbers due to visa-free entry, shared language (Russian is widely spoken), geographic proximity (you can drive from southern Russia to Almaty), and the AIFC's regulatory clarity. Kazakhstan taxes crypto gains at 10% for individuals, which is lower than Russia's 13-15% NDFL and significantly lower than Armenia's 20%.

Monthly costs in Almaty (Bostandyk/Medeu districts): rent 200,000-400,000 KZT ($400-$800), utilities 30,000-50,000 KZT, groceries 100,000-150,000 KZT, transportation 20,000-40,000 KZT. Total: approximately $650-$1,200/month. Astana is comparable or slightly cheaper. KAST and RedotPay both work in Kazakhstan with local Visa/Mastercard acceptance at Magnum supermarkets, Glovo delivery, and major shopping centers. The tenge fluctuates against the dollar, making USDT-funded crypto cards a hedge against local currency depreciation. See our Kazakhstan guide for the AIFC framework details.

Funding Your Card: The Cross-Border Money Problem

The fundamental challenge for every Russian crypto card user is the same: how do you get value from inside the Russian financial system into a form that can fund a globally usable crypto card? The Visa/Mastercard suspension and SWIFT disconnection mean there is no direct, legal, low-friction path from a Sberbank account to a RedotPay or KAST card balance. Every route involves friction, fees, risk, or some combination of all three.

Route 1: P2P Ruble-to-USDT (Inside Russia)

The most common fiat on-ramp for Russian users. Telegram-based OTC bots and channels facilitate ruble-to-USDT trades at 0.5-2% above market rate. The transaction occurs peer-to-peer: you send rubles via SBP (Sistema Bystrykh Platezhey) or card-to-card transfer, and USDT is sent to your wallet address. This method avoids direct bank-to-exchange transfers that trigger compliance flags. BestChange.ru aggregates hundreds of exchangers with reputation ratings, volumes, and reserve levels. The typical flow is: Sberbank/Tinkoff rubles → SBP transfer to P2P counterparty → USDT to your Tron (TRC-20) or Ethereum wallet → load onto crypto card.

P2P risks are serious and underreported. The single biggest danger is receiving a bank transfer from a counterparty whose rubles originate from fraud, theft, or other criminal activity. When the victim reports the fraud, Russian banks trace the money chain and freeze every account that touched those funds, including yours, even if you had no knowledge of the origin. Tinkoff (T-Bank) is particularly aggressive with account freezes, sometimes blocking accounts for months during investigation with no communication about the timeline or reason. Sberbank and Alfa-Bank also freeze accounts but tend to resolve faster (typically 2-4 weeks vs Tinkoff's potential months). To mitigate this risk: use only established OTC desks with long track records and high BestChange ratings (look for exchangers with 5,000+ completed trades), never accept transfers from unknown individuals directly, prefer SBP transfers (which have per-transaction limits of 1 million rubles that cap your exposure) over large card-to-card transfers, keep your P2P trading account separate from your primary salary account so a freeze does not cut off all your finances, and break large conversions into multiple smaller transactions across different days.

Route 2: Turkish Bank Intermediary

Russian nationals with Turkish ikamet (residence permit) can open bank accounts at Turkish banks (Ziraat Bankasi, Halkbank, IS Bank, Garanti BBVA). Many Turkish banks still accept Russian passport holders and process ruble-denominated incoming transfers from Russian banks via SWIFT alternatives or correspondent banking relationships that remain operational. Once funds arrive in a Turkish lira or USD account, the user can transfer to a crypto exchange (Binance Turkey remained operational longer than Binance Russia), buy USDT, and load a crypto card. The conversion chain is: Russian bank → Turkish bank (ruble or USD) → crypto exchange → USDT → crypto card. Total friction cost is typically 3-5% across FX spreads and transfer fees, but the route avoids P2P counterparty risk entirely.

Route 3: Georgian Banking Bridge

Georgia's banking system (Bank of Georgia, TBC Bank) accepts Russian nationals with Georgian residency. Some Russian-to-Georgian bank transfers still process, though with delays and compliance scrutiny. The key advantage of the Georgian route is that once funds are in a Georgian bank account, the user has full access to SEPA transfers (Georgia is not in the EU but Georgian banks have SEPA connectivity), global exchanges, and direct card funding. Russian freelancers in Georgia often receive client payments directly to Georgian bank accounts, bypassing the Russian banking system entirely.

Route 4: Direct Crypto Loading (No Banking Required)

For users who already hold crypto from mining, airdrops, DeFi yield, or prior trading, loading a RedotPay or KAST card with USDT from a self-custody wallet (MetaMask, Trust Wallet) bypasses the banking system entirely. No bank account is needed at any step. This is the cleanest route and the reason self-custody cards like MetaMask Card are particularly relevant for Russian users: the entire flow from crypto asset to card spending happens outside any banking system.

Route 5: Offshore Exchange Accounts

Russian nationals with non-Russian bank accounts (UAE, Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, Kazakhstan) can fund exchanges like Crypto.com, OKX, or Bybit directly via bank transfer from their foreign accounts, then load crypto cards from the exchange balance. This is the most straightforward route for established diaspora members who have already set up foreign banking.

Route 6: Employer/Client Payments Directly in Crypto

A growing number of Russian freelancers and remote workers negotiate crypto payments directly. The employer or client sends USDT or USDC to the worker's wallet, skipping the entire ruble-to-crypto conversion process. Russian developers on platforms like Upwork, Fiverr, and direct client relationships increasingly receive stablecoin payments, especially for clients who do not want to navigate the complexity of sending bank transfers to Russian or post-Russian banking jurisdictions. The crypto card then converts these stablecoin earnings into everyday spending power.

Spending Scenarios

Scenario: Russian developer in Dubai, $3,000/month spend

Scenario: Russian relocant in Tbilisi, 150,000 RUB/month spend (approx. $1,650)

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Mistake 1: Using your primary Sberbank/Tinkoff account for P2P crypto trading. If your P2P counterparty's funds turn out to be linked to fraud, your account gets frozen. If that account holds your salary, rent money, and savings, you lose access to everything. How to avoid it: Open a separate account at a different bank specifically for P2P trades. Keep only the amount needed for the next trade in this account. SBP transfers between your own accounts at different banks are instant and free up to 100,000 RUB/month.

Mistake 2: Assuming your Russian tax obligations disappear when you leave. Russia claims tax jurisdiction over citizens for the calendar year of departure and, under some interpretations, until you formally establish tax residency elsewhere (183+ days in a new country). If you left Russia in March 2022 but continued earning ruble income from a Russian employer, the FNS expects 3-NDFL filing for the full year. How to avoid it: File 3-NDFL for any year where you had Russian-source income, even if you lived abroad for most of it. Consult a Russian tax advisor (nalogovyy konsultant) about the specific transition rules for your departure year.

Mistake 3: Loading a crypto card with volatile assets instead of stablecoins. A Russian developer in Tbilisi loads 0.5 ETH onto a card when ETH is $3,200, planning to spend over the month. ETH drops to $2,800, and the card balance is now worth 12.5% less. On a $1,600 monthly budget, that is a $200 loss before any spending occurs. How to avoid it: Convert volatile crypto to USDC or USDT before loading your card. The 0.1% stablecoin spread is negligible compared to the potential 10-20% drawdown on BTC or ETH during a bad week. KAST and RedotPay both support direct USDT loading.

Mistake 4: Neglecting to save proof of your crypto acquisition cost. When the FNS eventually implements automated crypto reporting (DAC8 equivalent is under discussion), you will need to prove your cost basis for every disposal. Without records, the FNS can assess tax on the full sale/spend amount with zero cost basis deduction, effectively taxing you on 100% of the transaction value instead of just the gain. How to avoid it: Screenshot or export every buy/trade from exchanges and P2P platforms. Save wallet transaction hashes. Use a crypto tax tracker that supports Russian NDFL reporting.

Local Payment Infrastructure Inside Russia

For context on what crypto cards would need to compete with domestically (if they ever became functional):

• MIR (Mir): The National Payment Card System processes all domestic card payments. MIR cards work at virtually every terminal in Russia. International acceptance is limited to a handful of countries (Turkey partially suspended MIR in September 2022 under US pressure, Vietnam and some CIS countries still accept).
• SBP (Sistema Bystrykh Platezhey): The CBR's fast payment system enables instant bank-to-bank transfers and QR code payments. SBP has grown rapidly since 2022, processing over 2 billion transactions in 2024. Many Russian merchants now prefer SBP QR payments over card payments due to lower merchant fees.
• Yandex Pay and SberPay: Domestic mobile payment wallets that work with MIR cards. Apple Pay and Google Pay stopped supporting Russian cards in March 2022.
• Cash: Despite rapid digitalization, cash remains significant. The CBR reports that cash in circulation reached 18.3 trillion rubles by end of 2024, with cash representing approximately 18% of consumer payments.

The Self-Custody Argument for Russian Users

Given the geopolitical risk environment, self-custody carries particular weight for Russian users. Centralized exchanges have frozen Russian user accounts in response to sanctions pressure (Binance sold its Russian operations to CommEX in September 2023, which itself later shut down in March 2024, causing disruption for users). MetaMask Card connects to a wallet you control - no exchange can freeze your funds, no sanctions compliance team can lock your account without due process. For users who have experienced account freezes, self-custody is not a philosophical preference but a practical necessity.

The Russian crypto card market is defined by absence. No major crypto card issuer explicitly targets Russian residents inside Russia, because the Visa/Mastercard suspension makes domestic card transactions impossible.

Who Left Russia

Binance: Once the dominant exchange in Russia by trading volume, Binance sold its Russian operations to CommEX in September 2023 under regulatory pressure. CommEX operated for approximately six months before shutting down in March 2024, leaving former Binance Russia users scrambling to withdraw funds. Binance no longer serves Russian residents and its card (Brazil-only) was never available in Russia.

Visa and Mastercard: Suspended all Russian operations effective March 10, 2022. Russian-issued Visa/Mastercard cards stopped working both domestically and internationally. Foreign-issued Visa/Mastercard cards stopped working inside Russia. This single event is the reason crypto cards do not function in the Russian market.

Coinbase, Gemini, Kraken: Never meaningfully served Russia. Coinbase is US-only. Gemini is US-only. Kraken served some Russian users but restricted Russian accounts in 2022.

Who Technically Serves Russian Nationals Abroad

Crypto.com: Does not explicitly serve Russian addresses, but Russian nationals with verified non-Russian residency may access the platform. Compliance screening applies. Five card tiers available, from Midnight Blue (free, no cashback) through Obsidian ($400K CRO stake, 5% cashback, lounge access).

KAST: Global availability with minimal KYC requirements. Nine card variants across four tiers (Standard, Premium, Limited, Luxe). KAST's 2-minute verification and $MOVE cashback make it one of the most accessible options for Russian nationals with non-Russian addresses.

RedotPay: Hong Kong-based issuer with global coverage. Three variants (Virtual, Solana, Physical). The $10 virtual card offers the lowest barrier to entry. USDC and USDT funding via multiple blockchains. RedotPay's flexible KYC and virtual card instant issuance make it practical for newly relocated Russians who do not yet have physical address documentation.

MetaMask Card: Self-custody card connecting directly to your MetaMask wallet. Available in 50+ countries. The self-custody model means no exchange holds your funds, reducing counterparty risk from sanctions-related account freezes. Virtual card available immediately after verification.

ether.fi: Four tiers (Core free, Luxe, Pinnacle, VIP). The borrow-to-spend model means you can access spending power without selling crypto, avoiding a taxable disposal event. Useful for Russian users holding ETH who want to preserve their position while accessing fiat spending.

CoCa: Smart wallet with social recovery. 8% cashback (highest among globally available cards) plus 6% APY on stablecoin deposits. 0-1% FX (0% on direct stablecoin pairs, 1% on indirect), zero annual fee. The social recovery model provides self-custody security without seed phrase anxiety.

xPlace: Four tiers (Standard, Silver, Gold, Platinum). Tiered loyalty system with up to 2% cashback. xPlace Platinum includes lounge access. 1% transaction fee applies.

Jupiter: Solana-based card with global availability. Zero annual fee, zero cashback. Useful primarily for Solana ecosystem users who want to spend from their Jupiter wallet.

Local Russian Exchanges

Garantex: Was Russia's largest domestic crypto exchange by volume until it was sanctioned by the US Treasury (OFAC) in April 2022 and by the EU in February 2024. Garantex continued operating despite sanctions, processing an estimated $96 billion in transactions by 2024. In March 2025, Garantex was seized by international law enforcement. Using Garantex or its successor platforms carries significant legal risk for anyone with connections to Western financial systems.

Local P2P ecosystem: With Garantex gone and major international exchanges withdrawn, Russia's crypto trading has become overwhelmingly P2P and Telegram-based. The ecosystem operates in layers: BestChange.ru sits at the top as an aggregator, listing hundreds of independent exchange services with their rates, reserves, and reputation scores. Below that, Telegram channels operate as OTC desks, some with automated bots handling trades up to millions of rubles. The most sophisticated channels use escrow mechanisms (a trusted third party holds USDT until the ruble transfer clears), rating systems, and dispute resolution. At the bottom layer, informal face-to-face trading persists in Moscow and St. Petersburg, though volumes are small compared to the digital ecosystem.

The post-Garantex landscape has also pushed some volume to exchanges that maintain ambiguous compliance postures. Several exchanges registered in jurisdictions with minimal KYC requirements continue to serve Russian users. We do not name or link to these platforms because their regulatory status is uncertain and their longevity is unpredictable. The safest approach for Russian users remains: convert rubles to USDT via established P2P channels, move USDT to a self-custody wallet, and load a globally available crypto card from there.

The Outlook for Russian Crypto Card Users

The Russian crypto card market will remain functionally closed for domestic use until one of three conditions changes: Visa/Mastercard re-enter Russia (unlikely while sanctions persist and dependent on a geopolitical resolution that shows no signs of materializing), a crypto card issuer integrates MIR rails (no issuer has announced this, and MIR's international acceptance is itself shrinking as countries face US pressure to disconnect from it), or the Digital Ruble develops card-equivalent spending infrastructure (the CBR's timeline suggests limited merchant rollout by 2026-2027 at the earliest, with no indication it would integrate with crypto assets).

For the diaspora, the picture is more optimistic. As Russian nationals establish themselves in destination countries, their access to crypto cards improves: local bank accounts enable exchange funding, residency permits satisfy KYC requirements, and the growing ecosystem of self-custody cards and minimal KYC cards reduces barriers. The most financially efficient long-term setup for a Russian relocant is: local bank account in destination country + CoCa or Crypto.com for daily spending + MetaMask Card as a self-custody backup that no platform can freeze.

The core lesson from the Russian experience is that financial sovereignty matters. When Visa, Mastercard, SWIFT, and exchanges can all be turned off simultaneously, the ability to hold assets in self-custody and spend them through decentralized channels is not a philosophical preference but a practical necessity. Russia's 17-20 million crypto holders learned this in real time.