{"generatedAt":"2026-10-12","source":"SpendNode direct chain collectors and SpendNode-authored indexed queries","methodologyNote":"Weeks use exclusive UTC boundaries. Measured card spend and top-up proxies are published separately and are never combined.","week":{"id":"2026-10-11","from":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","toExclusive":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","status":"final","publishedAt":"2026-10-12T13:44:19.220Z","correctedAt":null,"correctionNote":null,"expectedMeasuredPrograms":11,"programs":[{"slug":"ether-fi","name":"ether.fi","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Measured card spend","volumeUsd":31616242.863478,"txns":412894,"users":null,"chains":{"optimism":{"volumeUsd":31616242.863478,"txns":412894,"users":33810}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"SpendNode normalized event ledger","limitations":["The current Dune control counts token-array elements as transactions on Scroll but Spend events on Optimism; direct validation must compare volume separately from transaction counts.","Cross-chain user deduplication has not been validated, so user totals remain per-chain."]},{"slug":"kast","name":"KAST","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":27320384.48,"txns":7,"users":null,"chains":{"solana":{"volumeUsd":23677395.77,"txns":6,"users":null},"ethereum":{"volumeUsd":3642988.71,"txns":1,"users":null},"base":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":null},"polygon":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":null},"arbitrum":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":null}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Stablecoin outflows from five observed KAST Rain settlement-source accounts","limitations":["Settlement batches are not individual card authorizations and do not expose active-cardholder counts.","Later issuer-ledger refunds and chargebacks may not return onchain, so the series is gross settlement-based spend.","The older BitGo forwarder and BNB mappings remain historical top-up controls and are not mixed into the settlement-spend series."]},{"slug":"plasma-one","name":"Plasma One","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":7279893.69,"txns":37060,"users":12504,"chains":{"plasma":{"volumeUsd":7279893.69,"txns":37060,"users":12504}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"SpendNode normalized event ledger","limitations":["Settlement batches are not one-to-one authorization-time card swipes."]},{"slug":"wirex","name":"Wirex One","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Measured card spend","volumeUsd":6730240.526566238,"txns":111388,"users":11499,"chains":{"arc":{"volumeUsd":6730240.526566238,"txns":111388,"users":11499}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Observed Wirex One merchant POS and ePOS settlement events on Arc","limitations":["Later issuer-ledger refunds and chargebacks are not netted.","The observed Arc rail is not assumed to cover every Wirex product or geography.","Gross settlement excludes later offchain refunds or chargebacks.","Events carrying unsupported currency codes are excluded and disclosed."]},{"slug":"tria","name":"Tria","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":5648795.180997,"txns":60911,"users":22223,"chains":{"arbitrum":{"volumeUsd":1894382.066975,"txns":19873,"users":6618},"base":{"volumeUsd":1723510.703971,"txns":19784,"users":9051},"optimism":{"volumeUsd":144888.813307,"txns":1999,"users":1063},"polygon":{"volumeUsd":1886013.596744,"txns":19255,"users":6758}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Observed Tria settlements across the old and current four-chain collector schedules","limitations":["Dune's tokens.transfers baseline includes a small number of native-ETH rows that the ERC-20 direct adapter does not yet collect.","Solana card top-ups are a separate funding flow and are intentionally excluded from this spend-settlement series; no Solana spend collector has been established."]},{"slug":"xplace","name":"Xplace","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Measured card spend","volumeUsd":2062255.300322,"txns":39886,"users":5844,"chains":{"solana":{"volumeUsd":2062255.300322,"txns":39886,"users":5844}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"SpendNode normalized event ledger","limitations":["Six successful Solana transactions late on 2026-06-22 are present through direct RPC but absent from Dune's indexed rows, creating an explained difference of 11 transfers and $285.378280055 in June.","Operational signer rotation remains a monitoring risk; the current mapping must be re-investigated if volume abruptly stops."]},{"slug":"jupiter","name":"Jupiter","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":2029231.934099,"txns":21754,"users":9104,"chains":{"solana":{"volumeUsd":2029231.934099,"txns":21754,"users":9104}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"SpendNode normalized event ledger","limitations":["Rain-issued EVM activity is not included.","Future Solana collector rotations require sender, signer and program verification."]},{"slug":"gnosis-pay","name":"Gnosis Pay","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Measured card spend","volumeUsd":1452446.8510887076,"txns":30170,"users":3954,"chains":{"gnosis":{"volumeUsd":1452446.8510887076,"txns":30170,"users":3954}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"SpendNode normalized event ledger","limitations":["Independent valuation uses ECB daily reference rates with previous-business-day carry-forward; it is intentionally not byte-identical to Dune's proprietary amount_usd-first valuation."]},{"slug":"metamask","name":"MetaMask","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Gross authorization-time wallet debits","volumeUsd":800432.0485053592,"txns":15128,"users":null,"chains":{"base":{"volumeUsd":162980.367742,"txns":3340,"users":507},"linea":{"volumeUsd":419584.4048923592,"txns":7700,"users":1195},"solana":{"volumeUsd":217867.275871,"txns":4088,"users":608}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Gross authorization-time MetaMask Card wallet debits across the observed Base, Linea, and Solana rails","limitations":["The identified Monad rail is excluded because complete historical logs were unavailable.","Cross-chain active-wallet counts are withheld because source identities cannot be deduplicated safely across EVM and Solana.","Later card-ledger refunds and chargebacks are not observable onchain, so the published series is gross rather than net spend."]},{"slug":"avici","name":"Avici","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Observed current-program gross settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":558898.44,"txns":3306,"users":null,"chains":{"solana":{"volumeUsd":558898.44,"txns":3306,"users":1015},"polygon":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0},"base":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0},"arbitrum":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0},"optimism":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0},"avalanche":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Observed Avici current-program liquidations across Solana and five EVM chains","limitations":["An unidentified retired settlement route remains excluded.","Later issuer-ledger refunds and chargebacks cannot be netted from public chain data.","The published figure covers Avici's observed current program and must not be described as total company-wide card volume."]},{"slug":"peanut","name":"Peanut","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0,"chains":{"arbitrum":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Observed Peanut Rain factory settlements on Arbitrum","limitations":["The observed factory is not independently labelled as Peanut by Rain, an explorer or the current Peanut frontend.","Coverage is limited to the observed Arbitrum program and does not establish that no other Peanut card rail exists.","Later issuer-ledger refunds and favorable chargebacks may not return onchain, so the series is gross rather than net spend."]}]},"previousWeek":{"id":"2026-10-04","from":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","toExclusive":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","status":"final","publishedAt":"2026-10-05T13:31:42.873Z","correctedAt":null,"correctionNote":null,"expectedMeasuredPrograms":11,"programs":[{"slug":"ether-fi","name":"ether.fi","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Measured card spend","volumeUsd":33103286.817461,"txns":407644,"users":null,"chains":{"optimism":{"volumeUsd":33103286.817461,"txns":407644,"users":33770}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"SpendNode normalized event ledger","limitations":["The current Dune control counts token-array elements as transactions on Scroll but Spend events on Optimism; direct validation must compare volume separately from transaction counts.","Cross-chain user deduplication has not been validated, so user totals remain per-chain."]},{"slug":"kast","name":"KAST","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":27161557.55,"txns":7,"users":null,"chains":{"solana":{"volumeUsd":22940511.19,"txns":6,"users":null},"ethereum":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":null},"base":{"volumeUsd":4221046.36,"txns":1,"users":null},"polygon":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":null},"arbitrum":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":null}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Stablecoin outflows from five observed KAST Rain settlement-source accounts","limitations":["Settlement batches are not individual card authorizations and do not expose active-cardholder counts.","Later issuer-ledger refunds and chargebacks may not return onchain, so the series is gross settlement-based spend.","The older BitGo forwarder and BNB mappings remain historical top-up controls and are not mixed into the settlement-spend series."]},{"slug":"plasma-one","name":"Plasma One","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":6701376.99,"txns":153230,"users":20923,"chains":{"plasma":{"volumeUsd":6701376.99,"txns":153230,"users":20923}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"SpendNode normalized event ledger","limitations":["Settlement batches are not one-to-one authorization-time card swipes."]},{"slug":"wirex","name":"Wirex One","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Measured card spend","volumeUsd":6568351.631565687,"txns":107946,"users":11076,"chains":{"arc":{"volumeUsd":6568351.631565687,"txns":107946,"users":11076}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Observed Wirex One merchant POS and ePOS settlement events on Arc","limitations":["Later issuer-ledger refunds and chargebacks are not netted.","The observed Arc rail is not assumed to cover every Wirex product or geography.","Gross settlement excludes later offchain refunds or chargebacks.","Events carrying unsupported currency codes are excluded and disclosed."]},{"slug":"tria","name":"Tria","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":5441601.818369,"txns":59060,"users":21223,"chains":{"arbitrum":{"volumeUsd":1907507.619513,"txns":20273,"users":6739},"base":{"volumeUsd":1526991.360917,"txns":17831,"users":7918},"optimism":{"volumeUsd":154039.431703,"txns":2012,"users":1089},"polygon":{"volumeUsd":1853063.406236,"txns":18944,"users":6675}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Observed Tria settlements across the old and current four-chain collector schedules","limitations":["Dune's tokens.transfers baseline includes a small number of native-ETH rows that the ERC-20 direct adapter does not yet collect.","Solana card top-ups are a separate funding flow and are intentionally excluded from this spend-settlement series; no Solana spend collector has been established."]},{"slug":"xplace","name":"Xplace","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Measured card spend","volumeUsd":2277152.041871,"txns":49136,"users":7497,"chains":{"solana":{"volumeUsd":2277152.041871,"txns":49136,"users":7497}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"SpendNode normalized event ledger","limitations":["Six successful Solana transactions late on 2026-06-22 are present through direct RPC but absent from Dune's indexed rows, creating an explained difference of 11 transfers and $285.378280055 in June.","Operational signer rotation remains a monitoring risk; the current mapping must be re-investigated if volume abruptly stops."]},{"slug":"jupiter","name":"Jupiter","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":1891235.030466,"txns":21752,"users":9180,"chains":{"solana":{"volumeUsd":1891235.030466,"txns":21752,"users":9180}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"SpendNode normalized event ledger","limitations":["Rain-issued EVM activity is not included.","Future Solana collector rotations require sender, signer and program verification."]},{"slug":"gnosis-pay","name":"Gnosis Pay","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Measured card spend","volumeUsd":1633598.0431540858,"txns":33559,"users":4228,"chains":{"gnosis":{"volumeUsd":1633598.0431540858,"txns":33559,"users":4228}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"SpendNode normalized event ledger","limitations":["Independent valuation uses ECB daily reference rates with previous-business-day carry-forward; it is intentionally not byte-identical to Dune's proprietary amount_usd-first valuation."]},{"slug":"metamask","name":"MetaMask","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Gross authorization-time wallet debits","volumeUsd":785057.5787655861,"txns":14835,"users":null,"chains":{"base":{"volumeUsd":176817.807111,"txns":3461,"users":534},"linea":{"volumeUsd":420877.4473315861,"txns":7610,"users":1259},"solana":{"volumeUsd":187362.324323,"txns":3764,"users":543}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Gross authorization-time MetaMask Card wallet debits across the observed Base, Linea, and Solana rails","limitations":["The identified Monad rail is excluded because complete historical logs were unavailable.","Cross-chain active-wallet counts are withheld because source identities cannot be deduplicated safely across EVM and Solana.","Later card-ledger refunds and chargebacks are not observable onchain, so the published series is gross rather than net spend."]},{"slug":"avici","name":"Avici","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Observed current-program gross settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":499897.2,"txns":3316,"users":null,"chains":{"solana":{"volumeUsd":499897.2,"txns":3316,"users":1050},"polygon":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0},"base":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0},"arbitrum":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0},"optimism":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0},"avalanche":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Observed Avici current-program liquidations across Solana and five EVM chains","limitations":["An unidentified retired settlement route remains excluded.","Later issuer-ledger refunds and chargebacks cannot be netted from public chain data.","The published figure covers Avici's observed current program and must not be described as total company-wide card volume."]},{"slug":"peanut","name":"Peanut","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0,"chains":{"arbitrum":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Observed Peanut Rain factory settlements on Arbitrum","limitations":["The observed factory is not independently labelled as Peanut by Rain, an explorer or the current Peanut frontend.","Coverage is limited to the observed Arbitrum program and does not establish that no other Peanut card rail exists.","Later issuer-ledger refunds and favorable chargebacks may not return onchain, so the series is gross rather than net spend."]}]},"spendPrograms":[{"slug":"ether-fi","name":"ether.fi","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Measured card spend","volumeUsd":31616242.863478,"txns":412894,"users":null,"chains":{"optimism":{"volumeUsd":31616242.863478,"txns":412894,"users":33810}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"SpendNode normalized event ledger","limitations":["The current Dune control counts token-array elements as transactions on Scroll but Spend events on Optimism; direct validation must compare volume separately from transaction counts.","Cross-chain user deduplication has not been validated, so user totals remain per-chain."]},{"slug":"kast","name":"KAST","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":27320384.48,"txns":7,"users":null,"chains":{"solana":{"volumeUsd":23677395.77,"txns":6,"users":null},"ethereum":{"volumeUsd":3642988.71,"txns":1,"users":null},"base":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":null},"polygon":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":null},"arbitrum":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":null}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Stablecoin outflows from five observed KAST Rain settlement-source accounts","limitations":["Settlement batches are not individual card authorizations and do not expose active-cardholder counts.","Later issuer-ledger refunds and chargebacks may not return onchain, so the series is gross settlement-based spend.","The older BitGo forwarder and BNB mappings remain historical top-up controls and are not mixed into the settlement-spend series."]},{"slug":"plasma-one","name":"Plasma One","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":7279893.69,"txns":37060,"users":12504,"chains":{"plasma":{"volumeUsd":7279893.69,"txns":37060,"users":12504}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"SpendNode normalized event ledger","limitations":["Settlement batches are not one-to-one authorization-time card swipes."]},{"slug":"wirex","name":"Wirex One","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Measured card spend","volumeUsd":6730240.526566238,"txns":111388,"users":11499,"chains":{"arc":{"volumeUsd":6730240.526566238,"txns":111388,"users":11499}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Observed Wirex One merchant POS and ePOS settlement events on Arc","limitations":["Later issuer-ledger refunds and chargebacks are not netted.","The observed Arc rail is not assumed to cover every Wirex product or geography.","Gross settlement excludes later offchain refunds or chargebacks.","Events carrying unsupported currency codes are excluded and disclosed."]},{"slug":"tria","name":"Tria","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":5648795.180997,"txns":60911,"users":22223,"chains":{"arbitrum":{"volumeUsd":1894382.066975,"txns":19873,"users":6618},"base":{"volumeUsd":1723510.703971,"txns":19784,"users":9051},"optimism":{"volumeUsd":144888.813307,"txns":1999,"users":1063},"polygon":{"volumeUsd":1886013.596744,"txns":19255,"users":6758}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Observed Tria settlements across the old and current four-chain collector schedules","limitations":["Dune's tokens.transfers baseline includes a small number of native-ETH rows that the ERC-20 direct adapter does not yet collect.","Solana card top-ups are a separate funding flow and are intentionally excluded from this spend-settlement series; no Solana spend collector has been established."]},{"slug":"xplace","name":"Xplace","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Measured card spend","volumeUsd":2062255.300322,"txns":39886,"users":5844,"chains":{"solana":{"volumeUsd":2062255.300322,"txns":39886,"users":5844}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"SpendNode normalized event ledger","limitations":["Six successful Solana transactions late on 2026-06-22 are present through direct RPC but absent from Dune's indexed rows, creating an explained difference of 11 transfers and $285.378280055 in June.","Operational signer rotation remains a monitoring risk; the current mapping must be re-investigated if volume abruptly stops."]},{"slug":"jupiter","name":"Jupiter","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":2029231.934099,"txns":21754,"users":9104,"chains":{"solana":{"volumeUsd":2029231.934099,"txns":21754,"users":9104}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"SpendNode normalized event ledger","limitations":["Rain-issued EVM activity is not included.","Future Solana collector rotations require sender, signer and program verification."]},{"slug":"gnosis-pay","name":"Gnosis Pay","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Measured card spend","volumeUsd":1452446.8510887076,"txns":30170,"users":3954,"chains":{"gnosis":{"volumeUsd":1452446.8510887076,"txns":30170,"users":3954}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"SpendNode normalized event ledger","limitations":["Independent valuation uses ECB daily reference rates with previous-business-day carry-forward; it is intentionally not byte-identical to Dune's proprietary amount_usd-first valuation."]},{"slug":"metamask","name":"MetaMask","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Gross authorization-time wallet debits","volumeUsd":800432.0485053592,"txns":15128,"users":null,"chains":{"base":{"volumeUsd":162980.367742,"txns":3340,"users":507},"linea":{"volumeUsd":419584.4048923592,"txns":7700,"users":1195},"solana":{"volumeUsd":217867.275871,"txns":4088,"users":608}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Gross authorization-time MetaMask Card wallet debits across the observed Base, Linea, and Solana rails","limitations":["The identified Monad rail is excluded because complete historical logs were unavailable.","Cross-chain active-wallet counts are withheld because source identities cannot be deduplicated safely across EVM and Solana.","Later card-ledger refunds and chargebacks are not observable onchain, so the published series is gross rather than net spend."]},{"slug":"avici","name":"Avici","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Observed current-program gross settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":558898.44,"txns":3306,"users":null,"chains":{"solana":{"volumeUsd":558898.44,"txns":3306,"users":1015},"polygon":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0},"base":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0},"arbitrum":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0},"optimism":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0},"avalanche":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Observed Avici current-program liquidations across Solana and five EVM chains","limitations":["An unidentified retired settlement route remains excluded.","Later issuer-ledger refunds and chargebacks cannot be netted from public chain data.","The published figure covers Avici's observed current program and must not be described as total company-wide card volume."]},{"slug":"peanut","name":"Peanut","measurement":"measured_spend","measurementLabel":"Settlement-based card spend","volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0,"chains":{"arbitrum":{"volumeUsd":0,"txns":0,"users":0}},"sourceType":"direct","sourceNote":"Observed Peanut Rain factory settlements on Arbitrum","limitations":["The observed factory is not independently labelled as Peanut by Rain, an explorer or the current Peanut frontend.","Coverage is limited to the observed Arbitrum program and does not establish that no other Peanut card rail exists.","Later issuer-ledger refunds and favorable chargebacks may not return onchain, so the series is gross rather than net spend."]}],"topupPrograms":[],"observedSpendUsd":85498821.31505631,"previousObservedSpendUsd":86063114.70165236,"comparableSpendUsd":85498821.31505631,"comparablePreviousUsd":86063114.70165236,"comparableChangePct":-0.6556739069370676,"measuredProgramCount":11,"chainCount":11}